艾莊銅器舞
2012/5/15 12:01:28 點(diǎn)擊數(shù):
【字體:大 中 小】
“艾莊銅器舞”發(fā)祥于河南省許昌縣艾莊鄉(xiāng),始于清朝中葉。清朝時期,當(dāng)?shù)厥昃藕,為祈求老?ldquo;開恩”降雨,便有了舉辦求雨儀式的銅器社。求雨時,銅器社先找一名偷水者,稱為“水倌”,又叫“碼子”,多是村里不全精的人。 偷水時,“碼子”要反穿羊皮襖,跑到村外水塘灌一瓶水。這時,銅器社的人敲鑼打鼓地在后面裝腔作勢追趕。銅器越打越快,喊聲越喊越大,一直追到“碼子”將水偷回家,將一瓶水灑到地上,再焚香、燒紙求神,至此,求雨活動才算結(jié)束。傳說,這種方法當(dāng)時的確靈驗(yàn),求雨之后村里果真就下起了雨。后又幾經(jīng)旱事,人們便將這種求雨方式固定下來,有了“專職”的求雨人和求雨器材,銅器舞的雛形便由此形成。村里的老族長帶領(lǐng)村民求雨時,結(jié)合當(dāng)時的民間藝術(shù)形式,在敲打銅器時加入了一些跑、跳的姿勢,同時制定了三個固定的敲打譜系,即《銅器冒》、《護(hù)心鏡》、《黑虎下山》。敲打譜系節(jié)奏由慢到快,使銅器舞具有了陽剛之氣。這種固定的譜系和風(fēng)格被村民世代流傳了下來。在流傳過程中,雖有樂譜,但缺少指揮,敲打的時間和節(jié)奏都受到影響, 敲打時間不長,就會有人亂了章法,跟著別人亂敲,使銅器舞的音階混亂。為了改變這一現(xiàn)象,村里的一位族長便舉著一面小鼓統(tǒng)領(lǐng)大家,大家以他的鼓聲為號開始或結(jié)束敲打,即為現(xiàn)在的肘子鼓。至此,銅器舞的組織形式基本確立,現(xiàn)代銅器舞的指揮者也隨之產(chǎn)生。
“艾莊銅器舞”表演場面宏大,一般不少于50人,其樂器主要為鐃、鈸、挑子鑼、鞭鼓、弓子鑼等一些打擊樂器。曲牌主要分為三個部分:洛陽掛;虎心鏡;黑虎下山。動作也來自生活,如“白鵝大展翅”、“鷂子翻身”等,形象優(yōu)美,節(jié)奏明快,鼓點(diǎn)緊湊,悅耳動聽,扣人心弦。演出時,隊(duì)前設(shè)各色綢制三角牙旗20面,旗桿丈尺,旗面5丈,排列左右;另設(shè)緞錦旗一面,右上角書“××縣××村”,中書“××社(會)”。起舞時,火銃轟鳴,鞭炮不斷。余者,鼓、鑼、鐃、鈸、镲各持一色,隨著鑼鼓節(jié)奏的疏密和力度強(qiáng)弱,走出不同舞步,變換各種畫面。高潮時拋槌、舉鑼、飛镲、揚(yáng)撥,邊打邊舞,其舞姿古樸典雅,粗獷奔放,氣勢恢弘。
2006年,艾莊銅器舞被公布為首批河南省非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。
Copper Ware Dance
Copper Ware Dance, one of the Intangible cultural treasures, is created in Aizhuang, Xuchang County at the middle of Qing Dynasty. It was called Copper Ware Agency at the beginning. Its playing scene is very vast with no less than 50 persons generally and the dance is very elegance, rough, bold and majestic. The major instruments are surname, cymbals, drum, gong, etc, the tunes mainly have three parts and the gestures are often come from common life which is always rhythm-vivid, drumbeat-tensed, cliff-hanging.
In Qing Dynasty, in the beginning copper wares were used to pray rain. Later, people fixed this praying way and there appeared special praying man and tools, which produces the rudiment of copper ware dance. The old patriarch, Lu Yuan, added into some gesture of running and jumping combining with temporal folk art and set three fixed music score when he leaded fellows to pray rains.
責(zé)任編輯:C006文章來源:印象河南網(wǎng)